There are many PCB layout rules to consider during component placement. While general board layout guidelines tell you to place components in order of connectors, power circuits, precision circuits, critical circuits, etc, there are also several specific board layout guidelines to keep in mind.
Orientation
Be sure to orient similar components in the same direction as this will help with effective routing in PCB design. It also helps ensure an efficient and error-free soldering process during assembly.
Placement
Avoid placing components on the solder side of a board that would rest behind plated through-hole components.
Organization
It’s recommended to place all your surface mount devices (SMD) components on the same side of your board according to SMD PCB design rules. All through-hole (TH) components should be placed on the top side of your board to minimize the number of assembly steps.
How to fix the location part?
The first parts to be placed are those components that have specific locations designated by the mechanical input. These are often connectors, switches, LEDs, or other parts that either mate with other intra-system connections, or require human access.
How to certain the power supplies?
These parts need to be between the connectors that are bringing power onto the board, and those high-current components that they are supplying power to (such as the processor and memory chips). At the same time, the different power supply circuits should have some distance between them to avoid creating thermal hot spots on the board. Additionally, these components need to have some separation from sensitive digital circuitry to avoid contaminating them with power switching noise.
How to text differential signals?
Signals that are exactly the same but with inverted polarity with respect to each other are called differential signals. This is a technique used to reduce the noise and distortion that could be radiated into them through a communication path.
A common protocol that uses differential signals to transfer data is USB with signals D+ and D-.To maximize the benefits of a differential pair, these signals must be routed together with traces of the same length and same distance from any solid plane. This is done so both conductive paths have the same impedance.
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